Classes and objects in Java must be initialized before they are used. You’ve previously learned that class fields are initialized to default values when classes are loaded, and that objects are ...

For example, the default option is to create a database initializer class that inherits from CreateDatabaseIfNotExists. With this option the first line of code that accesses the database triggers the ...

Application data should be held in a database or in configuration files, but never hardcoded in the application itself. Developers don’t need to think about a configuration file format: XML is the ...