For more than a century, scientists have wondered why physical structures like blood vessels, neurons, tree branches, and ...

Algebraic structures form the backbone of modern abstract algebra, encapsulating a wide range of systems such as groups, rings, fields, and modules, each characterised by distinct axiomatic properties ...

Algebraic structures such as operads, Lie algebras and higher A∞-algebras underpin many foundational aspects of modern mathematics. When combined with homotopy theory—the study of continuous ...

The Langlands program has inspired and befuddled mathematicians for more than 50 years. A major advance has now opened up new worlds for them to explore One of the biggest stories in science has been ...

The ball rolls across the floor because it was kicked, just as Earth orbits the sun because it is tugged by gravity. The connection between cause and effect is fundamental to how we understand the ...